Methods of gene transfer to crop plants

Methods of gene transfer to crop plants

Firstly the desired traits are obtained and are inserted into the genome of the plant. The genes are duplicated and then are transferred into the plants within vehicles also called vectors which are obtained from the small circular of DNA structures in bacteria known as plasmids. In order for the foreign genes to be introduced, the vector is cut using restriction enzymes while ligase enzymes rejoin the vector. Bacterial genes are adopted up to the early 1990s for genes transfer to transport the desired trait into a plants genome. Direct methods of transferring DNA such as microprojectiles became popular during the 1990s. Other methods such as electroporation and sonication where electric shocks and sound waves are being adopted to create a holes in the cell membrane to insert the foreign genes.

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Reference: Stephen Nottingham. 1998, Eat your genes: how genetically modified food is entering our diet, Zed Books Ltd.

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Aziyani